Eleanor was a duchess and a queen successively of France and England. She was born near Bordeaux about 1122. She was the daughter of Duke Williams X of Aquitaine and Aenor (Eleanor) of Chatelleraut.
When Duke William died in 1137, Eleanor became the feudal ward of the dying King of France, Louis VI who sent his young son Louis to marry her.
Louis and Eleanor were known as the Duke and Duchess of Aquitaine at Poitiers and then they returned to Northern France as the new King Louis VIII and Queen.
Louis loved his wife passionately even though the marriage was for the great principality of Aquitaine under royal control.
In 1147, after the birth of their first child, named Marie, they left France on a second crusade. Louis and Eleanor had their second daughter, Alix, after which they agreed to a divorce. A French ecclesiastical granted the divorce on March 21 1152 (note the year of the divorce)
Eleanor moved to Poitiers where in mid-may, she married young Henry Plantagenet (Our Grandfather), Duke of Normandy and Count of Anjou, to whom she was almost as closely related as she was to Louis.
In 1153, a son was born and only lived a short while. Henry was in England fighting for the English crown to which he had a claim through his mother. A few months after Henry and Eleanor were crowned King and Queen of England, in December 1154, they had a second son, Henry.
During the years Eleanor traveled between the domains of England, Normandy, Anjou and Aquitaine she gave birth to the following children: Matilda 1156, Richard 1157, Geoffrey 1158, Eleanor 1161, Joan 1165, and John 1167.
In 1168 Eleanor ruled in Aquitaine where she directed the affairs of her son Richard, who was the Duke of Aquitaine.
In 1173 Eleanor and her sons rebelled against her husband Henry II Henry captured and imprisoned Eleanor and put down the uprising without difficulty. Eleanor was imprisoned ten years and then her husband allowed her to go out in public when it served his policies. She was kept under close surveillance until Henry died in 1189. Her son Richard became King and ordered his mother released. At this time Eleanor was in her late sixty's.
In 1190 Eleanor took a princess with her to Sicily to marry her son Richard. After Richard was captured on his return from Syria, Eleanor raised the money to pay the ransom demanded by the emperor of Germany.
John, who had conspired to overthrow Richard, was brought to terms through Eleanor's mediation. In 1194 Eleanor retired to the convent of Fontevrault, near Poitiers. Richards death in 1199 brought Eleanor back to support John against her grandson Arthur, In 1200 she journeyed to Castile to arrange the marriage of a granddaughter to the heir of France, as part of a treaty between John and the French King Phillip II.
In her own day and in the centuries to follow, legend pictured Eleanor as a figure of romance, passionate, jealous, seductive and inconstant. These stories may or may not be true but when Eleanor was close to eighty yeas old, she showed that she could still play an active part in political affairs, a woman of determination and remarkable vitality, she had survived two husbands and all but two of her children. She died at or near Fontevrult, March 31 (or April 1) 1204.
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